Burnout, ethical climate and work organization in covid-19 intensive care units: mixed method study.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the association between burnout and the perception of the ethical climate in nursing professionals in the covid-19 Intensive Care Unit and the relationship with the organization of work from the perspective of managers of these units. METHODS: mixed method study conducted in three university hospitals in southern Brazil from December 2021 to March 2022. A cross-sectional study was developed with 110 nursing professionals, followed by an exploratory-descriptive study through semi-structured interviews with six managers. Descriptive and analytical statistics and discursive textual analysis were used. RESULTS: the prevalence of burnout was 10% and the perception of negative ethical climate was 24.5%. The association between burnout and ethical climate revealed overload and fatigue during working hours, related to tension, fear, and stress that emerged from the consequences of the organization and relations of work in the covid-19 Intensive Care Unit. CONCLUSIONS: there was an association between burnout and ethical climate and elements of the work organization.

Estratégias para promoção do clima ético positivo sob a perspectiva de enfermeiros hospitalares / Strategies to promote a positive ethical climate from the perspective of hospital nurses / Estrategias para promover un clima ético positivo desde la perspectiva de los enfermeros hospitalarios

Objetivo: analisar as estratégias de promoção do clima ético positivo sob a perspectiva de enfermeiros hospitalares. Método: estudo qualitativo e descritivo exploratório, realizado com 182 enfermeiros de um hospital universitário do sul do Brasil. A coleta dos dados ocorreu por meio de um questionário sociodemográfico, laboral e uma pergunta aberta sobre estratégias de promoção do clima ético positivo. A organização dos dados ocorreu no software Atlas TI 8.0, versão 2019, e aplicou-se análise temática dos dados. Recebeu aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da instituição envolvida. Resultados: a macro categoria "Organização do trabalho" elencou itens sobre as relações na equipe, gestão, educação permanente e condições de trabalho. A macro categoria "Dimensão ética do trabalho" se referiu a exigências, valores pessoais e profissionais, expressão e sensibilidade moral. Conclusão: as estratégias de melhores condições de trabalho e organização, bem como o tratamento das questões éticas e relações interpessoais promovem o clima ético positivo.

Objective: to analyze strategies for promoting a positive ethical climate from the perspective of hospital nurses. Method: qualitative and descriptive exploratory study, carried out with 182 nurses from a university hospital in southern Brazil. Data collection occurred through a sociodemographic and employment questionnaire and an open question about strategies for promoting a positive ethical climate. The data was organized using the Atlas TI 8.0 software, version 2019, and thematic analysis of the data was applied. It received approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the institution involved. Results: the macro category "Work organization" listed items on team relationships, management, continuing education and working conditions. The macro category "Ethical dimension of work" referred to demands, personal and professional values, expression and moral sensitivity. Conclusion: strategies for better working conditions and organization, as well as the treatment of ethical issues and interpersonal relationships promote a positive ethical climate.

Objetivo: analizar las estrategias para promover un clima ético positivo desde la perspectiva de los enfermeros hospitalarios. Método: estudio cualitativo y descriptivo exploratorio, realizado junto a 182 enfermeros de un hospital universitario del sur de Brasil. La recolección de datos tuvo lugar mediante un cuestionario sociodemográfico y laboral y una pregunta abierta sobre estrategias para promover un clima ético positivo. Los datos se organizaron por medio del software Atlas TI 8.0, versión 2019, y se aplicó análisis temático de los datos. Recibió la aprobación del Comité de Ética en Investigación de la institución involucrada. Resultados: la macro categoría "Organización del trabajo" enumeró ítems sobre las relaciones en el equipo, la gestión, la educación continua y las condiciones de trabajo. La macro categoría "Dimensión ética del trabajo" hacía referencia a exigencias, valores personales y profesionales, expresión y sensibilidad moral. Conclusión: las estrategias para mejores condiciones de trabajo y organización, así como el tratamiento de las cuestiones éticas y las relaciones interpersonales promueven un clima ético positivo.

Association between Moral Distress and Burnout Syndrome in university-hospital nurses / Associação do Sofrimento Moral e Síndrome de Burnout em enfermeiros de hospital universitário / Asociación del Sufrimiento Moral y Síndrome de Burnout en enfermeros de un hospital universitario

Abstract Objective: to analyze the association between moral distress and Burnout Syndrome among nurses in a university hospital. Method: descriptive, analytical study conducted with 269 nurses working in a university hospital located in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Data were collected in person in 2019 by previously trained collectors. A sociodemographic and employment questionnaire, the Brazilian Scale of Moral Distress in Nurses and the Maslach Burnout Inventory were applied. Descriptive and analytical statistical analysis was used. Results: an association was identified between moral distress intensity and frequency and its dimensions with Burnout Syndrome and its dimensions. Nurses with low professional achievement and high emotional exhaustion showed a higher prevalence of moral distress. Conclusion: an association between moral distress and Burnout Syndrome, as well as between their dimensions, was evidenced. The results suggest the need to investigate urgent interventions to mitigate the situations and manifestations of moral distress and Burnout Syndrome by developing strategies for workers' health.

Resumo Objetivo: analisar a associação entre sofrimento moral e síndrome de Burnout em enfermeiros de hospital universitário. Método: estudo descritivo-analítico, realizado com 269 enfermeiros atuantes em um hospital universitário localizado no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu de maneira presencial no ano de 2019 por coletadores previamente capacitados. Aplicaram-se questionário sociodemográfico e laboral, Escala Brasileira de Distresse Moral em Enfermeiros e o Inventário Maslach de Burnout. Empregou-se análise estatística descritiva e analítica. Resultados: identificou-se associação entre intensidade e frequência de sofrimento moral e suas dimensões com a síndrome de Burnout e suas dimensões. Enfermeiros em baixa realização profissional e alta exaustão emocional apresentaram prevalências mais elevadas para sofrimento moral. Conclusão: evidenciou-se a associação entre sofrimento moral e síndrome de Burnout bem como entre suas dimensões. Os resultados sinalizam a necessidade de investigar intervenções urgentes para amenizar as situações e as manifestações do sofrimento moral e a síndrome de Burnout, elaborando estratégias para a saúde dos trabalhadores.

Resumen Objetivo: analizar la asociación entre sufrimiento moral y síndrome de Burnout en enfermeros de un hospital universitario. Método: estudio descriptivo y analítico, realizado en 269 enfermeros que actuaban en un hospital universitario localizado en el estado de Rio Grande del Sur, en Brasil. La recogida de datos se realizó de manera presencial en el año de 2019 por colectores previamente capacitados. Se aplicaron el cuestionario sociodemográfico y laboral, la Escala Brasileña de Estrés Moral en Enfermeros y el Inventario Maslach de Burnout. Se empleó el análisis estadístico descriptivo y analítico. Resultados: se identificó asociación entre intensidad y frecuencia de sufrimiento moral y sus dimensiones con el síndrome de Burnout y sus dimensiones. Los enfermeros que tuvieron baja realización profesional y alta extenuación emocional, presentaron prevalencias más elevadas para el sufrimiento moral. Conclusión: se evidenció asociación entre sufrimiento moral y síndrome de Burnout así como entre sus dimensiones. Los resultados señalan la necesidad urgente de investigar intervenciones para amenizar las situaciones y las manifestaciones del sufrimiento moral y el síndrome de Burnout, elaborando estrategias para la salud de los trabajadores.

Nurses' assessment of the ethical climate of a university hospital in the South of Brazil.

Background: Ethical climate can be defined as the healthcare professionals' perceptions of the ethical treatment of healthcare issues and human interactions in their work environment. A number of studies on ethical climate are being carried out in several countries. In Brazil, however, research on the matter is still incipient, especially among hospital nurses. Aim: To assess nurses' perception of the ethical climate in a university hospital in the South of Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out with 269 nurses from a university hospital, using a sociodemographic and occupational profiling survey and the Hospital Ethical Climate Survey - Brazilian version. Data analysis was done through descriptive statistics. Results: The nurses' perception of the ethical climate was positive (3.68 ± 0.55). Among the five assessment factors, 'peers' had the highest score (4.07 ± 0.57), whereas 'physicians' had the lowest score (3.26 ± 0.70) for ethical climate. Conclusion: In general, the ethical climate was perceived as positive, with small variations between the factors of the instrument. Ethical climate could be enhanced through strategies that encourage interpersonal relationships. This study shows the importance of a positive ethical climate based on good relationships between healthcare professionals for ensuring better care.

Association between Moral Distress and Burnout Syndrome in university-hospital nurses.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the association between moral distress and Burnout Syndrome among nurses in a university hospital. METHOD: descriptive, analytical study conducted with 269 nurses working in a university hospital located in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Data were collected in person in 2019 by previously trained collectors. A sociodemographic and employment questionnaire, the Brazilian Scale of Moral Distress in Nurses and the Maslach Burnout Inventory were applied. Descriptive and analytical statistical analysis was used. RESULTS: an association was identified between moral distress intensity and frequency and its dimensions with Burnout Syndrome and its dimensions. Nurses with low professional achievement and high emotional exhaustion showed a higher prevalence of moral distress. CONCLUSION: an association between moral distress and Burnout Syndrome, as well as between their dimensions, was evidenced. The results suggest the need to investigate urgent interventions to mitigate the situations and manifestations of moral distress and Burnout Syndrome by developing strategies for workers' health.

Burnout, ethical climate and work organization in covid-19 intensive care units: mixed method study / Agotamiento profesional, clima ético y organización del trabajo en unidades de cuidados intensivos de covid-19: estudio de método mixto / Burnout, clima ético e organização do trabalho em unidade de terapia intensiva covid-19: estudo misto

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the association between burnout and the perception of the ethical climate in nursing professionals in the covid-19 Intensive Care Unit and the relationship with the organization of work from the perspective of managers of these units. Methods: mixed method study conducted in three university hospitals in southern Brazil from December 2021 to March 2022. A cross-sectional study was developed with 110 nursing professionals, followed by an exploratory-descriptive study through semi-structured interviews with six managers. Descriptive and analytical statistics and discursive textual analysis were used. Results: the prevalence of burnout was 10% and the perception of negative ethical climate was 24.5%. The association between burnout and ethical climate revealed overload and fatigue during working hours, related to tension, fear, and stress that emerged from the consequences of the organization and relations of work in the covid-19 Intensive Care Unit. Conclusions: there was an association between burnout and ethical climate and elements of the work organization.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar la asociación entre el agotamiento profesional y la percepción del clima ético en profesionales de enfermería de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos covid-19 y la relación con la organización del trabajo desde la perspectiva de los directivos de estas unidades. Métodos: estudio de método mixto realizado en tres hospitales universitarios del sur de Brasil entre diciembre de 2021 y marzo de 2022. Se desarrolló un estudio transversal con 110 profesionales de enfermería, seguido de un estudio exploratorio-descriptivo mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas con seis gestores. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, analítica y análisis textual discursivo. Resultados: hubo un 10% de prevalencia de agotamiento profesional y un 24,5% de percepción de clima ético negativo. La asociación entre el agotamiento profesional y el clima ético reveló sobrecarga y fatiga durante la jornada laboral, relacionadas con la tensión, el miedo y el estrés que surgieron de las consecuencias de la organización y las relaciones laborales en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos covid-19. Conclusiones: hubo asociación entre agotamiento profesional y clima ético y elementos de la organización del trabajo.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar a associação entre burnout e percepção do clima ético em profissionais de enfermagem de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva covid-19 e a relação com a organização do trabalho na perspectiva dos gestores dessas unidades. Métodos: estudo misto realizado em três hospitais universitários no Sul do Brasil, de dezembro de 2021 a março de 2022. Empregou-se estudo transversal com 110 profissionais de enfermagem, seguido de estudo exploratório-descritivo por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com seis gestores. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva e analítica, e análise textual discursiva. Resultados: evidenciou-se 10% de prevalência de burnout e 24,5% de percepção do clima ético negativo. A associação entre burnout e clima ético revelou sobrecarga e cansaço nas jornadas de trabalho, relacionados à tensão, medo, e estresse, que emergiram das consequências da organização e das relações do trabalho nas UTI covid-19. Conclusões: verificou-se a associação entre burnout e clima ético e elementos da organização do trabalho.

Patient safety culture and incidents recorded during nursing shift changes in intensive care units. / Cultura de segurança do paciente e incidentes registrados durante as passagens de plantão de enfermagem em unidades de terapia intensiva.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association of patient safety culture perceived by nursing professionals with incidents recorded during nursing shifts in intensive care units. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study that investigated patient safety culture measured by the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture instrument. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, Student's t-test and multiple linear regression models were analyzed considering a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: The study reported a mean of 3.1 (standard deviation of 0.4) for the culture of patient safety in the perception of nursing professionals and 480 incidents with and without damage recorded during the nursing shifts. The variables patient safety culture with a difference between means of 0.543 (95%CI 0.022 - 1.065; p < 0.05) and nursing assistants with a difference between means of -0.133 (95%CI -0.192 - -0.074; p < 0.05) were associated with the incidents recorded during the nursing shifts. Further, nursing assistants had a lower tendency to record incidents than did the nurses. CONCLUSION: The strengthening of the patient safety culture and the aspects tangential to the nursing professionals represent a possible target for interventions to encourage the recording of incidents during the nursing shift shifts and improve patient safety.

OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação da cultura de segurança do paciente na percepção dos profissionais de enfermagem com os incidentes registrados durante as passagens de plantão de enfermagem nas unidades de terapia intensiva. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal que investigou a cultura de segurança do paciente medida pelo instrumento Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. Estatísticas descritivas, teste do qui-quadrado, teste t de Student e modelo de regressão linear múltiplo foram analisados considerando o nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: O estudo relatou média de 3,1 (desvio-padrão de 0,4) para a cultura de segurança do paciente na percepção dos profissionais de enfermagem e 480 incidentes com e sem danos registrados nas passagens de plantão de enfermagem. As variáveis cultura de segurança do paciente com diferença entre médias de 0,543 (IC95% 0,022 - 1,065; p < 0,05) e técnicos de enfermagem com diferença entre médias de -0,133 (IC95% -0,192 - -0,074; p < 0,05) foram associadas aos incidentes registrados nas passagens de plantão de enfermagem, considerando ainda que os técnicos de enfermagem apresentaram menor tendência de registro que os enfermeiros. CONCLUSÃO: O fortalecimento da cultura de segurança do paciente e dos aspectos tangentes aos profissionais de enfermagem representam uma possibilidade real de intervenção para favorecer os incidentes registrados durante as passagens de plantão de enfermagem nas unidades de terapia intensiva deste estudo.

Cultura de segurança do paciente e incidentes registrados durante as passagens de plantão de enfermagem em unidades de terapia intensiva / Patient safety culture and incidents recorded during nursing shift changes in intensive care units

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a associação da cultura de segurança do paciente na percepção dos profissionais de enfermagem com os incidentes registrados durante as passagens de plantão de enfermagem nas unidades de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Estudo transversal que investigou a cultura de segurança do paciente medida pelo instrumento Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. Estatísticas descritivas, teste do qui-quadrado, teste t de Student e modelo de regressão linear múltiplo foram analisados considerando o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: O estudo relatou média de 3,1 (desvio-padrão de 0,4) para a cultura de segurança do paciente na percepção dos profissionais de enfermagem e 480 incidentes com e sem danos registrados nas passagens de plantão de enfermagem. As variáveis cultura de segurança do paciente com diferença entre médias de 0,543 (IC95% 0,022 - 1,065; p < 0,05) e técnicos de enfermagem com diferença entre médias de -0,133 (IC95% -0,192 - -0,074; p < 0,05) foram associadas aos incidentes registrados nas passagens de plantão de enfermagem, considerando ainda que os técnicos de enfermagem apresentaram menor tendência de registro que os enfermeiros. Conclusão: O fortalecimento da cultura de segurança do paciente e dos aspectos tangentes aos profissionais de enfermagem representam uma possibilidade real de intervenção para favorecer os incidentes registrados durante as passagens de plantão de enfermagem nas unidades de terapia intensiva deste estudo.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association of patient safety culture perceived by nursing professionals with incidents recorded during nursing shifts in intensive care units. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that investigated patient safety culture measured by the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture instrument. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, Student's t-test and multiple linear regression models were analyzed considering a significance level of 5%. Results: The study reported a mean of 3.1 (standard deviation of 0.4) for the culture of patient safety in the perception of nursing professionals and 480 incidents with and without damage recorded during the nursing shifts. The variables patient safety culture with a difference between means of 0.543 (95%CI 0.022 - 1.065; p < 0.05) and nursing assistants with a difference between means of -0.133 (95%CI -0.192 - -0.074; p < 0.05) were associated with the incidents recorded during the nursing shifts. Further, nursing assistants had a lower tendency to record incidents than did the nurses. Conclusion: The strengthening of the patient safety culture and the aspects tangential to the nursing professionals represent a possible target for interventions to encourage the recording of incidents during the nursing shift shifts and improve patient safety.

Estresse e burnout em trabalhadores de enfermagem de Unidade de Cirurgia Geral / Estrés y burnout en los trabajadores de enfermería de una unidad de cirugía general / Stress and burnout in nursing workers at a General Surgery Unit

Objetivo: avaliar os níveis de estresse e burnout dos trabalhadores de enfermagem de clínica cirúrgica antes e após a participação em grupo de apoio. Materiais e método: estudo quase-experimental, realizado em um hospital público com 16 trabalhadores. Os dados foram coletados entre maio e junho de 2015, e no mesmo período em 2016, por meio de instrumento de características biossociais e laborais, da Escala de Estresse no Trabalho e do Inventário Maslach de Burnout. Resultados: antes da participação no grupo de apoio em 2015, houve predomínio de médio nível de estresse (50 %). Quanto ao burnout, evidenciaram-se níveis de baixo desgaste emocional (43,8 %), baixa despersonalização (56,3 %), baixa realização profissional (43,8 %) e nenhum caso de burnout. Em 2016, após a participação no grupo de apoio, o nível médio de estresse manteve-se prevalente (56,6 %). Para o burnout, houve aumento dos níveis de desgaste emocional e despersonalização, e diminuição da realização profissional. Apesar disso, também não foram identificados casos da síndrome. Conclusões: a participação no grupo de apoio mobilizou o aumento do alto nível de estresse, apesar da manutenção da prevalência de nível médio. Quanto ao burnout, notaram-se piora na avaliação do desgaste emocional, despersonalização e, consequentemente, diminuição da realização profissional. Situação que sinaliza atenção, pois mostra condição favorável para o surgimento de casos da síndrome. Contudo, ainda são necessárias intervenções com foco no enfrentamento desses estressores ocupacionais.

Objetivo: evaluar los niveles de estrés y burnout de los trabajadores de enfermería de una clínica quirúrgica antes y después de participar en un grupo de apoyo. Materiales y método: estudio cuasiexperimental realizado en un hospital público sobre una muestra de 16 trabajadores. Los datos fueron recopilados entre mayo y junio de 2015, y durante el mismo periodo de 2016, a través de un instrumento de características biosociales y laborales, la Escala de Estrés Laboral y el Inventario de Burnout de Maslach. Resultados: antes de la participación en el grupo de apoyo, en 2015, los participantes reportaron un nivel medio de estrés (50 %). En cuanto al burnout, se evidenciaron niveles de baja angustia emocional (43,8 %), baja despersonalización (56,3 %), baja realización profesional (43,8 %) y ningún caso específico de burnout. En 2016, tras la participación en el grupo de apoyo, el nivel medio de estrés siguió siendo prevalente (56,6 %). En el caso del burnout, se observó un aumento de los niveles de malestar emocional y despersonalización, así como una disminución de los logros profesionales. A pesar de eso, tampoco fueron identificados casos del síndrome. Conclusiones: la participación en el grupo de apoyo generó un aumento del nivel alto de estrés, a pesar de que se mantuvo la prevalencia del nivel medio. En cuanto al burnout, se evidenció un incremento en la evaluación del malestar emocional, la despersonalización y, en consecuencia, una disminución en la realización profesional. Esta situación llama la atención, puesto que muestra una condición favorable para la aparición de casos del síndrome. Por lo anterior, las intervenciones centradas en el afrontamiento de estos factores de estrés laboral continúan siendo necesarias.

Objective: To evaluate the levels of stress and burnout among nursing workers at a surgical clinic before and after their participation in a support group. Materials and method: Quasi-experimental study conducted in a public hospital over a sample of 16 workers. Data were collected between May and June 2015 and in the same period of 2016, through a biosocial and work characteristics instrument, the Work Stress Scale, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results: Prior to participation in the support group, in 2015, there was a predominance of medium level of stress (50 %). As for burnout, low emotional distress (43.8 %), low depersonalization (56.3 %), low professional fulfillment (43.8 %), and no cases of burnout were observed. In 2016, after participating in the support group, the average level of stress among individuals remained stable (56.6 %). Regarding burnout, there was an increase in the levels of emotional distress and depersonalization, as well as decreased professional achievement. Despite this, no cases of the burnout syndrome were identified. Conclusions: Participating in the support group mobilized an increase in the high level of stress, despite the steady prevalence of the medium level. As for burnout, we noticed a worsening in the evaluation of emotional distress, depersonalization, and, consequently, a decrease in professional fulfillment. This situation is particularly important, since it shows favorable conditions for the emergence of cases of the syndrome. Therefore, interventions focused on coping with these occupational stressors are still necessary.

Estresse e depressão em estudantes universitários da saúde / Stress and depression in university health students

RESUMO Objetivo analisar a associação entre o estresse e depressão em estudantes universitários da saúde. Métodos estudo transversal realizado com 792 estudantes universitários da saúde. O instrumento de pesquisa consistiu: caracterização dos estudantes; Inventário de Depressão de Beck versão II e Escala de Estresse Percebido. Empregaram-se análise de frequência absoluta e relativa, média, desvio-padrão, mediana, intervalo interquartil, e estatística analítica. Resultados observou-se associação entre a depressão e o estresse (p<0,001) bem como correlação forte entre eles (r=0,731; p<0,001). Em alto nível de estresse encontraram-se 9,5% dos estudantes e, em moderada a grave intensidade de sintomas comuns de depressão, 23,6% dos mesmos. Conclusão percebeu-se diferença nas médias entre os níveis de depressão e estresse, em que quanto maior o nível de depressão maior a média do estresse. Contribuições para a prática: o estresse está relacionado com a depressão em estudantes universitários da saúde, os quais, após a conclusão da graduação, podem entrar no mercado de trabalho já adoecidos, o que traz implicações para as relações interpessoais, saúde do trabalhador e segurança do paciente. Isso possibilita às instituições de ensino superior uma reflexão acerca da organização de práticas e políticas de intervenções para a redução do estresse e depressão entre os estudantes.

ABSTRACT Objective to analyze the association between stress and depression in university health students. Methods cross-sectional study conducted with 792 university health students. The research instrument consisted of characterization of the students, Beck Depression Inventory version II and the Perceived Stress Scale. Absolute and relative frequency analysis, mean, standard deviation, median, interquartile range, and analytical statistics were used. Results an association between depression and stress was observed (p<0.001) as well as a strong correlation between them (r=0.731; p<0.001). In high level of stress 9.5% of the students were found and in moderate to severe intensity of common symptoms of depression, 23.6% of them. Conclusion a difference was noticed in the averages between the levels of depression and stress, in that the higher the level of depression, the higher the average stress. Contributions to practice: stress is related to depression in university health students, who, after graduation, may enter the labor market already sick, which brings implications for interpersonal relationships, worker health and patient safety. This enables higher education institutions to reflect on the organization of practices and intervention policies for the reduction of stress and depression among students.

Patient safety culture in critical and non-critical areas: a comparative study.

OBJECTIVE: to compare the perception of patient safety culture among health workers from critical and non-critical areas. METHOD: cross-sectional study with health workers from critical and non-critical areas of a large hospital. Data collection used a characterization instrument and the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire. The analysis was performed in the Predictive Analytics Software Statistic®. RESULTS: a total of 393 workers participated, predominantly women, over 43 years old, nursing technicians, with a partner, and children. Results indicated that the areas have a negative perception of patient safety (66.5%, ±12.7 critical; 63.5%, ±14.4 non-critical). Only job satisfaction had a positive score (83.0%, ±15.9 critical; 80.1%, ±17.5 non-critical). There was a relationship between being a worker in critical areas and having a positive perception of the unit's management (p = 0.041). CONCLUSION: both areas have a negative perception of the safety culture. Although critical areas have obtained more positive evaluations, the results did not show statistical significance when compared to non-critical areas.

Educational actions on first aid for early childhood education teachers: a quasi-experimental study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the early childhood education teachers' knowledge about first aid before and after the participation in an educational action. METHOD: Quantitative research with a quasi-experimental pre- and post-test design, carried out with 45 teachers from four early childhood education schools. For data collection, an instrument with questions regarding the characterization of the participants and knowledge about first aid was used. Data were analyzed through statistical techniques, using the Shapiro Wilk and Wilcoxon tests. RESULTS: There was an increase in the number of correct answers to the questions and improvement regarding grades, with an increase in the score from pre- to post-test by 5.17 points and with a significant comparison of sums. CONCLUSION: Carrying out educational actions on first aid increases the knowledge of early childhood education teachers on the subject and the nurses' role as health educators is highlighted.

Salivary cortisol concentrations in hematogy/oncology nurses on working days and days off.

OBJECTIVE: to assess salivary cortisol concentrations in hematology/oncology nurses on working days and days off. METHODS: a cross-sectional study carried out with 28 nurses from a university hospital. A sociodemographic, employment and health profile questionnaire was applied. For saliva collection, Salivette® tubes were used. Descriptive and analytical analysis was used. RESULTS: there was no significant difference in cortisol concentrations between working days and days off (p>0.05). The high cortisol concentration was associated with not having children (0.621±0.340; p=0.046), not using medication (0.623±0.133; p=0.017) and birth control pills (0.556 ± 0.228; p=0.047) and intention to leave work (0.951±0.154; p=0.001). A positive correlation was identified between cortisol and absence from work due to health issues (0.72; p=0.05) and weight gain (0.935; p=0.02). CONCLUSION: in general, cortisol concentration is within the reference parameters, with no significant difference in its secretion on working days and days off.

Caring ability of urban and rural family caregivers: association with overburden, stress and coping.

OBJECTIVE: To correlate caring ability with overburden, stress and coping of urban and rural family caregivers of patients undergoing cancer treatment. METHOD: Cross-sectional study, carried out in a referral hospital for cancer treatment, with urban and rural caregivers who responded the following instruments: questionnaire of sociodemographic characterization of the caregiver and the care provided, Perceived Stress scale, Burden Interview scale and Brief COPE. Pearson's correlation test was used for statistical analysis, with a significance level ≤5%. RESULTS: A total of 163 urban caregivers and 59 rural caregivers participated in the study. Between the caring ability and stress, a negative and moderate correlation was found in rural caregivers. In the relationship between the caring ability and the overburden, there was a statistically significant correlation in urban caregivers in the interpersonal relationship and perception of self-efficacy factor. Between coping and the caring ability, a positive and moderate correlation was identified in coping focused on the problem in the knowledge dimension in urban caregivers. CONCLUSION: Urban caregivers had greater intensity of overburden and coping focused on the problem in relation to the caring ability.

Presenteeism and safety culture: evaluation of health workers in a teaching hospital.

OBJECTIVES: to verify associations between presenteeism and safety culture among health workers. METHODS: a descriptive, cross-sectional study with health workers from a teaching hospital in Rio Grande do Sul. Data collection took place through instruments of sample characterization, the Brazilian version of the Stanford Presenteeism Scale and the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. RESULTS: a total of 758 (48%) professionals participated; 330 (43.5%) presenteeism were identified, who evaluated the safety culture more negatively compared to non- presenteeism. The safety culture had a mean less than 75; associations between presenteeism and general safety culture were observed, and with the domains of teamwork climate, safety climate, stress recognition and working conditions. CONCLUSIONS: presenteeism was associated with a safety culture, which requires investment by hospital management, with consideration to the health of workers.

Occupational stress, burnout and patient safety culture among workers from critical care and non critical care units in a hospital in Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relationship among occupational stress, burnout and the perception of patient safety culture in health workers in critical care compared to non critical care units. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study with health workers in the critical care and non critical care units of a university public hospital in Brazil. Data were collected using the Demographic and Labour Profile Questionnaire, Safety Attitudes Questionnaire, Job Stress Scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. An analysis of descriptive and inferential statistics was performed in PASW Statistics® software. RESULTS: A total of 393 health workers participated in the study, with 58.3% from critical care units and 41.7% from non critical care units. There was a prevalence of workers in high demand in non critical care units and 13.4% were experiencing burnout; there was a predominance of active work in the reviews and 8.3% were experiencing burnout. The patient safety culture perception was negative in both. The multivariate analysis pointed out that the variables such as high demand and burnout increased the prevalence of negatively assessing the safety culture. CONCLUSION: Workers from non critical care units were more affected by occupational stress and burnout and seemed to evaluate the safety culture more negatively, which can interfere in the quality of care provided.

Presenteeism and safety culture: evaluation of health workers in a teaching hospital / Presentismo y cultura de seguridad: evaluación de los trabajadores de la salud en un hospital universitario / Presenteísmo e cultura de segurança: avaliação dos trabalhadores de saúde de um hospital universitário

ABSTRACT Objectives: to verify associations between presenteeism and safety culture among health workers. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study with health workers from a teaching hospital in Rio Grande do Sul. Data collection took place through instruments of sample characterization, the Brazilian version of the Stanford Presenteeism Scale and the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Results: a total of 758 (48%) professionals participated; 330 (43.5%) presenteeism were identified, who evaluated the safety culture more negatively compared to non- presenteeism. The safety culture had a mean less than 75; associations between presenteeism and general safety culture were observed, and with the domains of teamwork climate, safety climate, stress recognition and working conditions. Conclusions: presenteeism was associated with a safety culture, which requires investment by hospital management, with consideration to the health of workers.

RESUMEN Objetivos: verificar asociaciones entre el presentismo y la cultura de seguridad entre trabajadores de la salud. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal con trabajadores de la salud de un hospital universitario de Rio Grande do Sul. Se analizaron los datos recolectados mediante instrumentos para la caracterización de la muestra, la versión brasileña de la Escala de Presentismo Stanford-6 y el Cuestionario de Actitudes de Seguridad, mediante la estadística descriptiva y la prueba de chi-cuadrado. Resultados: participaron 758 (48%) profesionales; se identificó el presentismo en 330 (43,5%), quienes evaluaron la cultura de seguridad de manera más negativa en comparación con los no presentistas. La cultura de seguridad promedió menos de 75 y hubo asociaciones entre el presentismo y la cultura de seguridad general, y con los dominios de trabajo en equipo, el clima de seguridad, percepción del estrés y las condiciones de trabajo. Conclusiones: el presentismo se asoció a la cultura de seguridad, que requiere inversión por parte de la dirección hospitalaria, con atención a la salud de los trabajadores.

RESUMO Objetivos: verificar associações entre presenteísmo e cultura de segurança entre trabalhadores de saúde. Métodos: estudo descritivo, transversal, com trabalhadores de saúde de um hospital universitário do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados coletados por meio de instrumentos de caracterização da amostra, a versão brasileira da Stanford Presenteeism Scale e o Questionário de Atitudes de Segurança, foram analisados por estatística descritiva e teste do qui-quadrado. Resultados: participaram 758 (48%) profissionais; identificaram-se 330 (43,5%) presenteístas, os quais avaliaram a cultura de segurança mais negativamente comparados aos não presenteístas. A cultura de segurança obteve média inferior a 75; observaram-se associações entre presenteísmo e cultura de segurança geral, e com os domínios clima de trabalho em equipe, clima de segurança, reconhecimento do estresse e condições de trabalho. Conclusões: o presenteísmo esteve associado à cultura de segurança, a qual necessita de investimento por parte da gerência hospitalar, com atenção à saúde dos trabalhadores.

Educational actions on first aid for early childhood education teachers: a quasi-experimental study / Acciones educativas sobre primeros auxilios con profesores de educación infantil: estudio casi experimental / Ações educativas sobre primeiros socorros com professores da educação infantil: estudo quase-experimental*

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the early childhood education teachers' knowledge about first aid before and after the participation in an educational action. Method: Quantitative research with a quasi-experimental pre- and post-test design, carried out with 45 teachers from four early childhood education schools. For data collection, an instrument with questions regarding the characterization of the participants and knowledge about first aid was used. Data were analyzed through statistical techniques, using the Shapiro Wilk and Wilcoxon tests. Results: There was an increase in the number of correct answers to the questions and improvement regarding grades, with an increase in the score from pre- to post-test by 5.17 points and with a significant comparison of sums. Conclusion: Carrying out educational actions on first aid increases the knowledge of early childhood education teachers on the subject and the nurses' role as health educators is highlighted.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Averiguar el conocimiento de los profesores de la educación infantil sobre los primeros auxilios antes y después de la participación en la acción educativa. Método: investigación cuantitativa con delineación casi experimental del tipo pre y post-test, realizado con 45 profesores de cuatro escuelas de educación infantil. Se utilizó para recolección de datos un instrumento con cuestiones referentes a la caracterización de los participantes y al conocimiento sobre los primeros auxilios. Los datos fueron analizados por medio de técnicas de estadística, por lo que se realizaron el test de Shapiro Wilk y de Wilcoxon. Resultados: hubo aumento en el número de cuestiones correctas y mejora en relación a los conceptos, con aumento en la puntuación del pre para el post-test en 5,17 puntos y con la comparación de las sumas significativa. Conclusión: la realización de acciones educativas sobre primeros auxilios aumenta el conocimiento de profesores de la educación infantil sobre el tema y los enfermeros poseen destaque en la actuación como educadores en Salud.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar o conhecimento dos professores da educação infantil sobre os primeiros socorros antes e após a participação na ação educativa. Método: pesquisa quantitativa com delineamento quase-experimental do tipo pré e pós-teste, realizado com 45 professores de quatros escolas de educação infantil. Utilizou-se para coleta de dados um instrumento com questões referentes à caracterização dos participantes e ao conhecimento sobre os primeiros socorros. Os dados foram analisados por meio de técnicas de estatística, sendo realizado o teste de Shapiro Wilk e de Wilcoxon. Resultados: houve aumento no número de acertos das questões e melhora em relação aos conceitos, com aumento na pontuação do pré para o pós-teste em 5,17 pontos e com a comparação das somas significativa. Conclusão: a realização de ações educativas sobre primeiros socorros aumenta o conhecimento de professores da educação infantil sobre o tema e os enfermeiros possuem destaque na atuação como educadores em saúde.

Caring ability of urban and rural family caregivers: association with overburden, stress and coping / Habilidad de cuidadores familiares urbanos y rurales: relación con la sobrecarga, el estrés y el afrontamiento (coping) / Habilidade de cuidado de cuidadores familiares urbanos e rurais: relação com a sobrecarga, estresse e coping

ABSTRACT Objective: To correlate caring ability with overburden, stress and coping of urban and rural family caregivers of patients undergoing cancer treatment. Method: Cross-sectional study, carried out in a referral hospital for cancer treatment, with urban and rural caregivers who responded the following instruments: questionnaire of sociodemographic characterization of the caregiver and the care provided, Perceived Stress scale, Burden Interview scale and Brief COPE. Pearson's correlation test was used for statistical analysis, with a significance level ≤5%. Results: A total of 163 urban caregivers and 59 rural caregivers participated in the study. Between the caring ability and stress, a negative and moderate correlation was found in rural caregivers. In the relationship between the caring ability and the overburden, there was a statistically significant correlation in urban caregivers in the interpersonal relationship and perception of self-efficacy factor. Between coping and the caring ability, a positive and moderate correlation was identified in coping focused on the problem in the knowledge dimension in urban caregivers. Conclusion: Urban caregivers had greater intensity of overburden and coping focused on the problem in relation to the caring ability.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Correlacionar la habilidad del cuidado con la sobrecarga, el estrés y el afrontamiento (coping ) de familiares urbanos y rurales cuidadores de pacientes en tratamiento oncológico. Método: Se trata de un estudio transversal, realizado en un hospital referencia en tratamiento oncológico, con cuidadores de los medios urbano y rural que respondieron a los instrumentos: cuestionario de caracterización sociodemográfica del cuidador y de la atención prestada, escala de Estrés Percibido, escala de Entrevista de Carga y COPE 28. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba de Correlación de Pearson, con nivel de significación ≤5%. Resultados: Participaron 163 cuidadores urbanos y 59 cuidadores rurales. Entre la capacidad del cuidado y el estrés, se constató una correlación negativa y moderada en los cuidadores rurales. En la relación de la habilidad del cuidado y la sobrecarga, se comprobó una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre los cuidadores urbanos en el factor de la relación interpersonal y en la percepción de la autoeficacia. Entre el afrontamiento y la habilidad del cuidado, se identificó una correlación positiva y moderada en el afrontamiento, centrado en el problema de la dimensión de conocimientos de los cuidadores urbanos. Conclusión: Los cuidadores urbanos presentaron una mayor intensidad de sobrecarga y coping enfocado en el problema de la relación con la capacidad del cuidado.

RESUMO Objetivo: Correlacionar a habilidade de cuidado com a sobrecarga, o estresse e o coping de cuidadores familiares urbanos e rurais de pacientes em tratamento oncológico. Método: Estudo transversal, realizado em um hospital de referência no tratamento oncológico, com cuidadores do contexto urbano e rural que responderam aos instrumentos: questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica do cuidador e do cuidado prestado, escala de Estresse Percebido, escala Burden Interview e COPE Breve. Para a análise estatística, foi utilizado o teste de Correlação de Pearson, com nível de significância ≤5%. Resultados: Participaram 163 cuidadores urbanos e 59 cuidadores rurais. Entre a habilidade de cuidado e o estresse, constatou-se correlação negativa e moderada nos cuidadores rurais. Na relação da habilidade de cuidado e a sobrecarga, verificou-se correlação estatisticamente significativa nos cuidadores urbanos no fator relação interpessoal e percepção de autoeficácia. Entre o coping e a habilidade de cuidado, identificou-se correlação positiva e moderada no coping focado no problema na dimensão conhecimento nos cuidadores urbanos. Conclusão: Cuidadores urbanos apresentaram maior intensidade de sobrecarga e coping focado no problema na relação com a habilidade de cuidado.

Perceived stress and musculoskeletal pain among undergraduate health students / Estrés percibido y dolor musculoesquelético entre estudiantes de grado en el área de salud / Estresse percebido e dor musculoesquelética entre estudantes de graduação da área da saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the association between the presence of perceived stress and reports of musculoskeletal pain among undergraduate health students. Method: a cross-sectional study carried out with undergraduate health students (Nursing, Pharmacy, Physiotherapy, Speech Therapy, Medicine, Occupational Therapy, and Dentistry) in a public university of southern Brazil. Data collection took place in the period from April to June 2017. An instrument with sociodemographic, habits, health profile, and academic variables was used; as well as the Brazilian version of the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire and the Perceived Stress Scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for the analysis. Results: a total of 792 students took part in the study. The students with a high stress level presented more chances for the occurrence of musculoskeletal pain in the vertebral column region (OR=2.92; 95% CI=1.30-6.55), upper limbs (OR=3.27; 95% CI=1.80-5.92) and lower limbs (OR=3.10; 95% CI=1.81-5.29). The variables "not having time for leisure" and "sometimes having time for leisure" presented higher chances of pain in the vertebral column region (OR=2.92; 95% CI=1.30-6.55), upper limbs (OR=3.27; 95% CI=1.80-5.92) and lower limbs (OR=3.10; 95% CI=1.81-5.29). The variables "not having time for leisure" and "sometimes having time for leisure" presented higher chances of pain in the vertebral (OR=3.11; 95% CI=1.84-5.25), Occupational Therapy (OR=2.57; IC95%=1,51-4,38) and Physiotherapy (OR=1.82; 95% CI=1.00-3.31) and being overweight (OR=1.59; 95% CI=1.09-2.31) presented higher chances of pain in the lower limbs. Conclusion: the association between perceived stress and the occurrence of musculoskeletal pain among the students was evidenced, revealing the importance of implementing programs aiming at the students' health.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la asociación entre la presencia de estrés percibido y reportes de dolor musculoesquelético entre estudiantes de grado en el área de salud. Método: estudio transversal, realizado con estudiantes de grado en el área de salud (Enfermería, Farmacia, Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiología, Medicina, Terapia Ocupacional y Odontología) en una universidad pública del sur de Brasil. La recolección de datos tuvo lugar entre abril y junio de 2017. Se utilizó un instrumento con variables sociodemográficas, de hábitos y perfil de salud, además de académicas; la versión brasileña del Standardized Nordic Questionnaire y la Escala de Estrés Percibido. Para el análisis, se empleó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: participaron 792 estudiantes. Los estudiantes con alto nivel de estrés presentaron más probabilidades de sufrir dolor musculoesquelético en la región de la columna vertebral (OR=2,92; IC95%=1,30-6,55), y en los miembros superiores (OR=3,27; IC95%=1,80-5,92) e inferiores (OR=3,10; IC95%=1,81-5,29). Las variables "no tener tiempo para el ocio" y "a veces tener tiempo para el ocio" presentaron mayores probabilidades de dolor en la columna vertebral (OR=3,03; IC95%=1,42-6,47; OR=2,35; IC95%=1,67-3,30, respectivamente) y en los miembros superiores (OR=2,34; IC95%=1,28-4,25; OR=1,49; IC95%=1,10-2,02, respectivamente), y las variables relacionadas con cursar Fonoaudiología (OR=2,37; IC95%=1,25-4,49), Enfermería (OR=3,11; IC95%=1,84-5,25), Terapia Ocupacional (OR=2,57; IC95%=1,51-4,38) y Fisioterapia (OR=1,82; IC95%=1,00-3,31), y tener sobrepeso (OR=1,59; IC95%=1,09-2,31) presentaron mayores probabilidades de dolor musculoesquelético en los miembros inferiores. Conclusión: se hizo evidente una asociación entre estrés percibido y la manifestación de dolor musculoesquelético entre los estudiantes, lo que revela la importancia de instituir programas destinados a la salud de los estudiantes.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a associação entre a presença de estresse percebido e relatos de dor musculoesquelética entre estudantes de graduação da área da saúde. Método: estudo transversal, realizado com estudantes de graduação da área da saúde (Enfermagem, Farmácia, Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia, Medicina, Terapia Ocupacional e Odontologia) em uma universidade pública do Sul do Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de abril a junho de 2017. Utilizaram-se um instrumento com variáveis sociodemográficas, de hábitos e perfil de saúde, e acadêmicas; a versão brasileira do Standardized Nordic Questionnaire e a Escala de Estresse Percebido. Para análise empregou-se estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: participaram 792 estudantes. Os estudantes com alto nível de estresse apresentaram mais chances para ocorrência de dor musculoesquelética na região da coluna vertebral (OR=2,92; IC95%=1,30-6,55), membros superiores (OR=3,27; IC95%=1,80-5,92) e inferiores (OR=3,10; IC95%=1,81-5,29). As variáveis "não ter tempo para o lazer" e "ter às vezes tempo para o lazer" apresentaram maiores chances de dor na coluna vertebral (OR=3,03; IC95%=1,42-6,47; OR=2,35; IC95%=1,67-3,30, respectivamente) e nos membros superiores (OR=2,34; IC95%=1,28-4,25; OR=1,49; IC95%=1,10-2,02, respectivamente), e as variáveis cursar Fonoaudiologia (OR=2,37; IC95%=1,25-4,49), Enfermagem (OR=3,11; IC95%=1,84-5,25), Terapia Ocupacional (OR=2,57; IC95%=1,51-4,38) e Fisioterapia (OR=1,82; IC95%=1,00-3,31), e estar com sobrepeso (OR=1,59; IC95%=1,09-2,31) apresentaram maiores chances de dor musculoesquelética nos membros inferiores. Conclusão: evidenciou-se associação entre estresse percebido e a ocorrência de dor musculoesquelética entre os estudantes, revelando a importância de instituir programas que visem à saúde dos estudantes.